ACT Study Guide

Starting ACT preparation marks an exciting step towards your college aspirations. This comprehensive guide is crafted to streamline your study process, ensuring that every hour you invest is maximized for effectiveness.

Whether you're just starting to familiarise yourself with the ACT or looking to polish your skills before test day, we provide you with the tools and techniques necessary to approach the test with confidence.

In this guide, you'll find everything from understanding the structure of the ACT to essential ACT resources and how to master test-taking techniques required for each section.

What is the ACT?

The ACT is an online, multiple-choice test used for US college admissions. ACT scores are considered alongside a student’s grades, essays, interviews and recommendations. There are sittings throughout the year and many people take the test several times before they apply to college.

All ACT questions are multiple choice. You sit the ACT on a computer at the test centre (unless you receive accommodations) and are given scratch paper or a whiteboard for your working in the Math section.

What does the ACT include?

The ACT is made up of four sections - English, Math, Reading and Science - and requires strong English grammar and math knowledge, as well as critical thinking and reading ability. There is also an optional writing section which some schools and programmes require.

How many questions are there in the ACT exam?

There are 215 multiple-choice questions in the ACT. These are divided into 75 English questions, 60 Math questions, 40 Reading questions on four passages and 40 Science questions. There's an optional Writing portion which is one essay question.

How long is the ACT?

The ACT is 2 hours and 55 minutes long. The English section is 45 minutes, the Math section is 60 minutes and the Reading and Science sections are both 35 minutes.

The optional Writing portion is 40 minutes long and brings the total length of the test to 3 hours and 35 minutes.

How is the ACT scored?

ACT test scores are given out of 36. Your raw score on each section of the test is converted into a scaled score between 1 and 36. The composite score is an average of the scores on all four sections rounded to a whole number. No points are deducted for wrong answers.

You will also receive a STEM score, which is the average of your Math and Science scores, and an ELA score, which is the average of your English and Reading sections (and the Essay section, should you choose to sit it).

If you choose to take the optional ACT Essay, you will also receive a mark out of 12 for the essay, made up of the rounded average of your four sub-scores on different aspects of the essay. This is in addition to the ELA average.

The STEM, ELA and Writing scores are not included in your composite score.

An average ACT score is around 19 or 20, depending on the year. A good score depends on the individual goals of each student and the requirements of the colleges to which they have applied.

For example, Ivy League schools admit students with composite scores above 33, but many other colleges see scores in the 20s as competitive.

When should you start preparing for the ACT?

The ACT covers a large amount of material and requires incredible precision to bag top scores. As many students take the ACT multiple times before they achieve the scores they go on to submit, we advise starting preparations as early as possible. It’s a marathon not a sprint.

By taking a diagnostic test after Year 11, you can assess how much time you will need to dedicate to ACT preparation and work out a schedule that will help you maximise your scores.

What is the best way to study for the ACT exam?

1
Create a realistic study schedule

You will have a lot to balance with ACT prep, A-Levels, extra-curriculars and applications. Creating a study schedule can help keep yourself on track and make sure you aren’t cramming the night before your tests and reduce exam anxiety.

However, it’s equally important to be realistic about how much you can accomplish each day, so you don’t overwhelm yourself with work.

2
Get the right materials

For the English and Reading sections, regular reading of high-quality literature, print journalism (such as the New Yorker and Economist) and science journals greatly increases your speed with engaging with the material once you get to the test. Check out open access science journals, preferably Tier 1 journals, to access these latter materials.

To make sure you learn and practice all the content you need for a good ACT score, try A-List’s textbook The ACT Book of Knowledge, which outlines all of the required rules and content, accompanied by targeted drills.

The book is available for free to any A-List ACT prep course student, or can be purchased separately - simply get in touch with our Client Service team.

3
Find and stick to a strategy

Each section requires appropriate use of technique and strategy for high scores. A helpful aspect of standardised testing is that you can use multiple avenues to get to the right answer.

Examine the past paper questions you have done to create your test strategy. What do you do well and why? What is causing your errors?

Write a list of steps to do in the test that ensure you prevent these errors. These will likely include:

  • Read every question carefully
  • Write down all Maths working
  • Go back to the Reading passage or Science graph to check for evidence

You should also try to remember core subject-specific strategies:

  • Reading: Always go back and check the text and ensure you choose an answer choice based upon textual evidence and reasoning. Ensure the whole answer choice matches the question and actively seek parts of answer choices that do not fit to eliminate them.
  • English: Always read the full sentence, find the subject-verb pair, and circle any punctuation in the sentence. This will help you deduce the sentences’ structures correctly.
  • Math: Use the A-List ACT maths techniques (we have several blogs on these and our Book of Knowledge also covers them thoroughly). Write out all your working, double-check the question AND your working.
  • Science: Go straight to the questions and then double check the labels of all graphs, tables, and axis. This latter point is also hugely applicable to the maths section.
  • Skip 'black hole' questions: questions that will take a long time to answer because they are very complicated. Guess something and move on.
4
Shore up your weak areas

The week leading to the test is not the time to cover lots of content. Instead, examine your recent ACT practice and find 2-4 concentrated weaker areas to work on (exponent rules, comma rules, Science conflicting viewpoint questions).

Write out your notes on these areas again and complete targeted questions.

5
Get an ACT tutor

In education, one approach does not suit everyone. Ultimately, the most effective way to improve on the ACT is to work with an experienced tutor.

A personal tutor offers the tailored feedback, personal pacing and goal-setting that often are the keys to unlocking a whole new level of your potential.

At A-List, our top 25% of students increased their scores by 9 points, while the top 50% of students saw a 7 point increase.

Is taking past papers enough to prepare for the ACT?

When seeking score improvement, do NOT simply complete paper after paper.

You must pause between practice tests and reflect on how you are completing these tests. Reflection and careful corrections are key to improvement on ACT online prep.

Once you move onto timed practice sections, spend the most time analysing your mistakes.

Make a notebook of errors: write down their causes and the question type. Then, find questions of the same type: target these and build your stamina with them through repetition. Once you see the correct way to approach the question type causing you error, consciously repeat that process every time you see a similar question arise.

The ACT questions have a strong similarity between tests, so you will start to see patterns you can harness.

A-List has developed an online testing platform to simulate your ACT test experience with the latest practice tests. Contact our Client Service Team today to schedule your ACT diagnostic test, and receive a complimentary testing report.

ACT courses for additional support

At A-List courses, students learn proprietary techniques and strategies that have been developed across 19 years of experience. 

Each 5-day intensive course, led by our team of expert instructors, gives you all the tools you need to achieve your dream score. You will get access to our textbook with over 1000 practice questions, taking all the uncertainty out of ACT preparation.

Comes with two full-length proctored tests for you to familiarise yourself with the real ACT format, and personalised feedback for improvement.

Available online and in-person.

What to do on the day of the ACT exam

Before

  • You’ll be making enough decisions during the test itself, so try to keep your morning simple by planning ahead. Plan your travel, your breakfast, and even your outfit, so you can relax. 
  • You can’t perform well if you haven’t given your body what it needs. Be sure to get plenty of sleep, stay hydrated and eat a breakfast that’s going to make you feel great. 
  • A quick review of your techniques is all you need on the morning of the test. Avoid frantic cramming and use the time to get outside and get your blood flowing instead.

During

  • Once you get into the exam hall, the nerves can really set in. Practicing mindfulness or a breathing exercise can help you stay calm and centred. 
  • The ACT is a marathon AND a sprint. Make the most of your breaks by standing up and stretching out, having a drink or snack, and focusing on a far-off object for 30 seconds. You’d be surprised the difference those 5 minutes can make! 
  • Remember that no matter the question, you have the tools to tackle it. Fall back on the techniques and approaches you’ve practiced with your tutor. If you focus on the basics the rest will fall into place. That means reading carefully, checking your answers and putting all your energy into the question in front of you. 

After

  • After all your hard work, you deserve to celebrate! Regardless of how the test has gone, it’s important to reward your efforts. Set aside some time to do something you love and relax after your test. 
  • Reflecting on how things went can be invaluable for your progress, but don’t dwell on the details. You can’t go back, so panicking about whether you missed a minus sign on question three is only going to make you feel bad.  
  • It’s easy to catastrophise if things didn’t go to plan. Remember that most people take the ACT multiple times, and however you did, you’ve learnt something and can come back even better next time.

Can the ACT be taken more than once?

You can take the ACT up to 12 times. We've seen most students take it multiple times to improve their scores.

Despite thorough preparation, unforeseen variables like distractions, nerves, and exam hall conditions can affect your ACT performance. Your first ACT attempt is crucial for experiencing and adapting to these elements, enhancing future performance.

No matter how ardently you have strived to ensure your practice ACT tests replicated the exam scenario, there will always be differing variables in this standardised test: distractions from other students, nerves, or even the temperature of the exam hall.

Sitting the ACT the first time is an excellent way to put into practice all you have achieved, but also is a valuable reconnaissance for these uncontrollable variables to strengthen your performance for the future.

What happens after my first ACT?

When you are in the test itself, focus on the essentials: reading the question carefully and underlining key words, writing out your work, using the techniques that you have worked on with your private tutor.

After the test, take ten minutes and write out what you remember: how was your timing, what ACT math content came up, were there any grammar questions about which you felt unsure, etc.

Also write out how you felt going through the exam: Did you struggle with nerves? Did you find it difficult to concentrate? How did your stamina last?

These are crucially important observations for you to take to your private tutor to evolve your academic planning for the next test.

Having completed your initial assessment, you're now perfectly positioned to hone in on those key areas needing refinement based on your first ACT attempt. Our advice? Zero in on...

  • Accuracy: If you signed up for ACT Test Information Release (TIR), you can request a copy of your questions and answers and see exactly where you went wrong. Discuss with your tutor, or think about how to minimise your errors - this may well lead to you aiming to answer fewer questions on your second standardised test.
  • Timing: Connected to the number of questions you will be answering is the amount of time you spend on each. Now you know how the nerves of the exam affected you, you might want to give yourself more time per question. Remember: accuracy is more important than bulk.
  • Content: Under pressure, were there areas in ACT math or grammar that you couldn’t quite remember? Be sure to focus on repetition of exercises for these targeted areas so that you store the information and approaches in your long-term memory.

Strategic academic preparation unlocks the door to top ACT performance. Whether you're navigating your ACT path or fine-tuning any aspect of your academic strategy, our dedicated tutors and Academic Team are here to support you every step of the way.

ACT resources

ACT Book of Knowledge
Packed with all the essential rules, formulas, and information you need to achieve a top ACT score, this comprehensive resource is a game-changer.

The Book of Knowledge, exclusively crafted by A-List Academic Team, breaks down each element of content, providing in-depth explanations and offering ample opportunities for practice with targeted drills for every question type. But that's not all! Inside its pages, you'll also discover A-List's trademark strategies, carefully crafted to help you excel on the exams. These strategies are exclusive to A-List, making our textbook an invaluable tool that you won't find anywhere else.

ACT preparation with A-List Education

For 19 years, A-List has empowered tens of thousands of students globally to overcome test anxieties with our mindful, methodical approach. We ensure every student's ACT success through a holistic strategy, focusing on creative critical reasoning and a growth mindset for comprehensive academic achievement.

All of our tutors are first-class graduates from leading US universities - including Harvard, Yale, Cornell, Dartmouth and University of California. They combine in depth subject knowledge with insight into what it takes to succeed in some of the world’s most demanding academic environments.

For each subject area, we train our students in a thorough grounding of foundational to advanced content, stretching them with material beyond past papers and drills to produce articulate, well-rounded thinkers.

To enquire about A-List ACT support services, contact our Client Service team at +44 (0)20 3004 8101 or info@alisteducation.co.uk, anytime during our office hours Monday - Friday, 9am - 6pm.

Discovery Session

Guiding Your Journey from Start to Finish

If you are new to US universities and the application process, we offer a free 15-minute session to guide you. Whether you are unsure about attending a US university, curious about your chances, or making a last-minute decision, our team are here to provide guidance and support.